"Based on the amount of iron circulating in the blood of the volunteers who received six-week-old blood, we had predict that certain existing infections could be exacerbated," said Hod."Recent studies have concluded that transfusing old blood has no impact on patient outcomes, but those studies did not exclusively examine the oldest blood available for transfusions," said Spitalnik. The study appears in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.."It is estimated that up to 10 to 20 per cent of blood units used for transfusions have been stored for more than five weeks, so the number of patients who are likely to receive a unit of very old blood is substantial," said Hod.The volunteers were then monitored for 20 hours after transfusion."Thus, for ill, hospitalised patients, this excess iron could lead to serious complications," said Spitalnik.

Within hours after transfusion, seven of the nine volunteers who received the six-week-old blood could not appropriately metabolise the damaged cells, thereby releasing large amounts of iron into their bloodstream. "Our recommendation will be controversial, but we think we have real data to support it," said Steven Spitalnik from CUMC.Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows units of red blood cells to be stored for up to six weeks before they must be discarded. "However the longer you store blood, the more the cells become damaged," said Eldad Hod, associate professor at CUMC.Transfusion of red blood cells is the most common procedure performed in hospitalised patients, with about five million patients receiving red blood cell transfusions annually in the US.Researchers at Columbia University Medical Centre (CUMC) in the US randomly assigned a group of 60 healthy volunteers to receive a unit of red blood cells that had been stored for one, two, three, four, five or six weeks. The true impact of six-week-old blood on the rate of complications in patients is likely to be small, said the researchers. Our new study found a real problem when transfusing blood that is older than five weeks," Spitalnik added.Only one volunteer who received younger blood had a similar response, with blood had been stored for five weeks.New York: The oldest blood available fortransfusions releases large and potentially harmful amounts of iron into patients bloodstreams, warns a new study which recommends reducing the maximum storage limit of red blood cells from six to five weeks. None of Wholesale High titanium iron particles 0-2mm the volunteers were harmed by the transfusion, but previous studies have shown that excess iron can enhance blood clots and promote infections

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As with all metals, the atomic-scale crystal structures of iron change depending on the temperature and pressure the metal is exposed to.5 million times higher than surface pressure—and temperatures are some 6,000 degrees higher—scientists have proposed that the atomic architecture of iron must be hexagonal.At low temperature BCC is unstable and crystalline planes slide out of the ideal BCC structure. Likewise, the BCC iron retains its cubic structure," he said. Even though the cards are put in different positions, the deck is still a deck.Scientists have discovered why the crystallised iron core of the Earth remains solid, despite being hotter than the surface of the Sun. However at extremely high pressure the crystalline structures transform into 12-point hexagonal forms, or a close packed (HCP) phase."Belonoshko said that in the extreme heat of the core, atoms no longer belong to planes because of the high amplitude of atomic motion.

Understanding this strange, unobservable feature of our planet depends on knowing the atomic structure of these crystals—something scientists have been trying to do for years.At room-temperatures and normal atmospheric pressure, iron is in what is known as a body-centred cubic (BCC) phase, which is a crystal architecture with eight corner points and a centre point.. Atoms are packed into variations of cubic, as well as hexagonal formations. But at high temperatures, the stabilisation of these structures begins much like a card game—with the shuffling of a "deck.Spinning within Earth’s molten core is a crystal ball—actually a mass formation of almost pure crystallised iron—nearly the size of the moon. Anatoly Belonoshko from KTH said data shows that pure iron likely accounts for 96% of the inner core’s composition, along with nickel and possibly light elements."The sliding of these planes is a bit like shuffling a deck of cards. This energy distribution cycle keeps the crystal stable and the core solid.Such a shuffling leads to an enormous increase in the distribution of molecules.At Earth’s core, where pressure is 3. Researchers China Ferro titanium cored wire Manufacturers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden found that on the edge of the inner core, pieces of crystals’ structure continuously melt and diffuse only to be reinserted due to high pressure like "shuffling deck of cards"

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Volumes closer to FY19 were witnessed in FY16 when the exports stood at 6.81 million tonnes in FY19 from 15. Strict environmental High titanium iron particles 0-2mm regulations in China led increased preference for high grade iron ore by Chinese steel mills. Iron ore from countries like Australia and Brazil also was more competitive compared to Indian prices during the most part of the year.65 million tonnes in FY18.Indian iron ore export volumes declined significantly by 57 per cent to 6.According to the spokesperson of ICEX, the demand for Indian iron ore in the international market, especially in China, remained fragile for a large part of FY19. Iron year exports have been coming down for the past three years and in FY19 it has hit a three-year low. The demand for low-grade iron ore from India remained subdued.Chennai: Indias iron ore exports have dropped 57 per cent in FY19 and steel exports too have shrunk by 34 per cent..04 million tonnes, as per the data from Indian Commodity Exchange


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